佛甲草用于屋顶绿化--绿色建筑新技术

针对以往屋顶绿化存在的问题,提出新的解决方法和技术,说明其技术特点、经济效益、环保节能的效果及对建筑和城市的作用.     

养心菜漂烫工艺的研究

对不同漂烫条件下养心菜过氧化物酶活性、色泽、质构、齐墩果酸含量的变化情况进行了分析,并通过单因素实验考察漂烫温度、时间以及养心菜切分长度3个因素对VC含量的影响,再结合上述各项指标的变化情况选取因素水平。最后,通过Box-Benhnken的中心组合实验设计和响应面分析优化养心菜漂烫工艺,以VC保留率为响应值进行分析。实验结果表明:漂烫工艺的最优参数组合为:漂烫温度90℃、漂烫时间60s、切分长度8cm,在该工艺条件下进行实验,得到的养心菜VC保留率为80.01%。     

垂盆草的提取及保健口服液的研制

用蒸馏水对垂盆草进行浸泡、煮沸、过滤、并将滤液分别用乙酸乙酯和石油醚进行萃取，得到萃取产物。利用萃取产物、垂盆草新鲜草和干草分别配制不同口味的保健型垂盆草口服液。通过评定：鲜垂盆草有独特难闻的味道，垂盆草干草在干燥过程中其有效成分（如垂盆草甙）容易氧化分解，从而失去疗效。合适配方为：萃取产物0．05％，葡萄糖5％，蜂蜜1％，盐0．03％，维生素C0．01％，香精0．03％。     

Effects of dissolved organic matter from the rhizosphere of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii on sorption of zinc and cadmium by different soils

Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the changes of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the rhizosphere of hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) of Sedum alfredii and its effects on Zn and Cd sorption by soils. After planted with HE, soil pH in the rhizosphere reduced by 0.5-0.6 units which is consistent with the increase of DOM. The hydrophilic fractions (51%) in DOM from the rhizosphere of HE (HE-DOM) was much greater than NHE-DOM (35%). In the presence of HE-DOM, Zn and Cd sorption capacity decreased markedly in the following order: calcareous clay loam > neutral clay loam > acidic silty clay. The sorption isotherms could be well described by the Freundlich equation (R² > 0.95), and the partition coefficient (K) in the presence of HE-DOM was decreased by 30.7-68.8% for Zn and 20.3-59.2% for Cd, as compared to NHE-DOM. An increase in HE-DOM concentration significantly reduced the sorption and increased the desorption of Zn and Cd by three soils. DOM derived from the rhizosphere of the hyperaccumulating ecotype of S. alfredii could significantly reduce metal sorption and increase its mobility through the formation of soluble DOM-metal complexes.     

Zinc removal from hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance biomass

Leaching of heavy metals from Sedum alfredii Hance biomass was studied with ammonia-ammonium chloride solution as leaching agent. The research was carried out in two phases: 1) a leaching study to determine the zinc extraction efficiency of this leaching agent, and 2) a thermodynamic analysis to identify the likely reactions and stable Zn(II) species formed in the leaching systems. Taguchi orthogonal experiment, with four variable parameters, leaching temperature, molar ratio of NH₄Cl to NH_3, leaching time and solid-to-liquid(L/S) ratio, and each at three levels, was used to optimize the experiment parameters by the analysis of variances. The results indicate that leaching temperature has the most dominant effect on metal extraction performance, followed by molar ratio of NH₄Cl to NH₃, solid-to-liquid ratio and leaching time. The optimum condition was obtained as follows: temperature of 60°C, molecular ratio of NH₄Cl to NH₃ of 0.6, leaching time of 2 h and solid-to-liquid ratio of 5:1. The total zinc leaching efficiency under optimum conditions reaches 97.95%. The thermodynamic study indicates that the dominant species produced by the leaching process should be the soluble Zn(NH₃)₄₂⁺.     

八宝景天乙醇提取物对菜青虫的生物活性

[目的]室内测定了八宝景天乙醇提取物对菜青虫3龄幼虫的拒食和触杀作用。[方法]采用小叶碟法和浸渍法分别测定乙醇提取物对菜青虫的拒食和触杀作用。[结果]浸渍法处理对菜青虫3龄幼虫48、72 h的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为7.768、0.183 g/L,且校正死亡率均达100%,24、48 h的拒食率最高分别为99.15%、91.94%,拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为4.819、15.442 g/L。[结论]八宝景天乙醇提取物对菜青虫3龄幼虫具有较高的拒食和触杀活性,为生物源农药提供了一种新的植物来源。     

八宝景天叶乙醇提取物的抑真菌活性

[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法研究了八宝景天叶乙醇提取物对9种植物病原真菌的抑制作用,同时采用菌丝生长速率和孢子萌发2种方法测定其对玉米弯孢病菌的抑菌活性。[结果]在质量浓度为200 g/L时,对9种植物病原真菌均有一定的抑制作用,且抑制率均达75%以上,其中对玉米弯孢病菌的抑制作用最强,抑制率为82.27%,对其孢子萌发的抑菌活性高于对其菌丝生长的抑菌活性,EC50值分别为74.18、66.53 g/L。[结论]八宝景天叶有着良好的抑菌效果,具有很好的开发价值。     

垂盆草护肝胶囊的开发与研究

本品以垂盆草、螺旋藻为原料开发的保健食品垂盆草护肝胶囊,制定了相关质量标准,并对其进行了安全性评价及功能学评价,试验结果表明:(1)胶囊急性毒性属无毒类,无致突变作用,30d喂养结果未见明显毒性反应,无作用剂量为5.0g/kg体重。(2)垂盆草护肝胶囊对小鼠肝损伤的保护作用:在CCl4急性肝损伤建模后,低、中剂量组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性均显著低于CCl4对照组(p>0.05),各剂量组肝脏病理损伤均较CCl4对照组明显减轻。     

蔗糖处理对费菜黄酮含量及其抗氧化性的影响

本文以费菜为研究对象,采用不同浓度5、10、20、30、40 mmol/L蔗糖培养液对费菜嫩枝进行培养,选取费菜黄酮含量富集作用较强的蔗糖培养液,并研究该浓度下费菜的抗氧化性。结果表明:选取20 mmol/L蔗糖培养液对费菜培养,对黄酮有较好的富集作用,该浓度培养液的费菜黄酮含量(鲜重)平均值为对照组的1.58倍;蔗糖处理明显提升了费菜DPPH自由基清除能力及总酚的含量;与对照组相比,蔗糖处理组苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonialyas,PAL)酶活力也一直保持较高水平;超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)等抗氧化酶活力在外源蔗糖的影响下均高于对照组。这些结果表明了外源蔗糖处理较好地提高了费菜黄酮含量和抗氧化性,为费菜黄酮的富集提供了新的思路和理论依据。